African-American History Timeline 1930 to 1939

African-American History Timeline 1930 to 1939 Notwithstanding persevering through the Great Depression and Jim Crow laws, during the time of 1930, African-Americans kept on making extraordinary walks in the territories of sports, instruction, visual aestheticness and music. 1930 One of the main craftsmanship displays to highlight African-American workmanship is opened at Howard University. Established by James V. Herring, the Howard University Gallery of Art is the first of its sort in the United States to have its aesthetic vision coordinated by African-Americans.The Black Muslim Movement is set up in Detroit by Wallace Fard Muhammad. Inside four years, Elijah Muhammad assumes responsibility for the strict development, moving its central station to Chicago. 1931 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) enlists Walter White as its official secretary. With White in this job, the association grows new methodologies for closure racial discrimination.In March, nine African-American youngsters are blamed for assaulting two white ladies. Their case starts on April 6 and they are immediately indicted for the violations. Be that as it may, the instance of the Scottsboro Boys before long gets national consideration and will help make ready for the social equality movement.Symphony author William Grant Still turns into the main African-American to have his music performed by a significant ensemble. 1932 A 40-year study starts in Tuskegee, Ala. testing the effect of syphilis on 400 African-American men. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment is built up through the U.S. General Health Service. The men are never told they have the ailment nor are they offered any treatment.Thomas Dorsey, known as the dad of African-American gospel music. Dorsey composes Take My Hand, Precious Lord.Leon H. Washington distributes Sentinel in Los Angeles.Sculptor Augusta Savage opens the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts. Based out of New York City, it is viewed as the biggest craftsmanship community in the United States. 1933 James Weldon Johnson distributes his collection of memoirs, Along This Way. Johnsons life account is the primary individual story by an African-American to be inspected by the New York Times. Student of history Carter G. Woodson distributes Mis-training of the Negro. 1934 W.E.B. Du Bois leaves the NAACP.Zora Neale Hurston distributes her first novel, Jonahs Gourd Vine. 1935 The Southern Tenant Farmers Union is set up by the Socialist Party to help southern tenant farmers to battle for better wages and working conditions.Pianist Count Basie sets up Count Basie and His Orchestra, which will get probably the greatest band of the Swing Era.The U.S. Incomparable Court administered in the Norris v. Alabama case that a respondent must reserve the privilege to a preliminary by jury by his/her companions. This decision topples the Scottsboro Boys early conviction.Mary McLeod Bethune builds up the National Council of Negro Womencalling in excess of 20 pioneers of national womens associations together. 1936 Bethune is delegated Director of the Division of Negro Affairs for the National Youth Administration. Bethune is the main African-American lady to get a presidential arrangement and is the most elevated positioning African-American authority in Theodore Roosevelts administration.Jesse Owens wins four gold decorations at the Berlin Olympics. His accomplishment resists Adolf Hitlers intend to utilize the Olympics to demonstrate the world Aryan Supremacy.The first clinical course reading to be composed by an African-American is entitled Syphilis and Its Treatment. The creator is Dr. William Augustus Hinton.The first African-American government judge is selected by Roosevelt. William H. Hastie is delegated to the government seat in the U.S. Virgin Islands. 1937 The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids consents to an aggregate haggling arrangement with the Pullman Company.Joe Louis wins the heavyweight title against James J. Braddock.The Negro Dance Group is established by Katherine Dunham.Zora Neale Hurston distributes the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1938 Crafted by Jacob Lawrence makes a big appearance in a display at the Harlem YMCA.Crystal Bird Fauset turns into the principal African-American lady chose for a state assembly. She is picked to serve in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. 1939 Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial before 75,000 individuals on Easter Sunday.The Black Actors Guild is established by Bill Bojangles Robinson.Jane M. Bolin is designated to the household relations court of New York City. This arrangement makes her the primary African-American lady judge in the United States.

International marketing research

Global promoting research Presentation One of the most striking improvements of ongoing decades has been the globalization of business. The development of world exchange requires more data about outside business sectors and organizations which venture into new and obscure markets must have the data about the interest and states of these business sectors. Organizations attack not just into such created showcases as Europe, US and Japan, yet additionally into the unsteady yet developing markets of Latin America, the politically unsure markets of the Middle East and Russia, and the quickly changing markets of South East Asia and the rising African markets[1]. The advancement of new correspondence and data innovations change the way of life, utilization conduct and buying examples of various countries. This demonstrates the advertising research in worldwide condition has gotten fundamental. The motivation behind this paper is to give meaning of the worldwide advertising research and portray the variables which impact the showcasing research in various nations. The paper likewise manages the means of global promoting research procedure and its fundamental classes. The preferences and inconveniences of gathering auxiliary and essential information and overview strategies for worldwide advertising research are introduced in the paper. At last, the issues which may happen in the worldwide advertising research are summarized. 1. Promoting Research in a Global Environment Promoting research practices and procedures have gotten really worldwide. For instance, the universes biggest research firm, Nielsen, is headquartered in the U.S. be that as it may, infers just about 66% of its income from outside the U.S. It is normalizing a great part of the information it routinely gathers in 27 unique nations. Universal promoting chiefs settle on indistinguishable essential kinds of choices from do the individuals who work in just a single nation. Obviously, they settle on these choices in a progressively confused condition. Similarly as with showcasing choices, the fundamental capacity of advertising research and the examination procedure doesn't contrast among residential and worldwide research. Be that as it may, the procedure is entangled exponentially as an ever increasing number of nations are associated with a similar choice. The fundamental variables which impact the advertising research in various nations are 1. Social contrasts. Culture alludes to generally shared standards or examples of conduct of an enormous gathering of people[2]. It is the qualities, perspectives, convictions, curios and other significant images spoke to in the example of life received by individuals that help them decipher, assess and impart as individuals from society[3]. An organization which chips away at the global market needs culturally diverse mindfulness. Multifaceted contrasts (language, non-verbal correspondence, various standards and qualities) may cause diverse botches. There are instances of social bungles in the promoting blend. Item. At the point when a soda pop was propelled in Arab nations, it has a mark with six-pointed stars. The deals were low as the stars were related with Israel. Cost. An American firm was eager to set a sensible cost for the item they planned to offer to the Japanese. A point by point introduction was made to the Japanese specialists, however it was trailed by a profound quietness. The Americans felt that the Japanese were going to dismiss the cost and offered a lower cost. The Japanese kept quiet once more. After that the Americans brought down the cost again saying that it was the most reduced they could sell at. After a concise quiet the offer was acknowledged. Later the Japanese admitted that the first offered cost was very satisfactory, yet they had a custom to thoroughly consider the offer quietly. An American organization endured extraordinary misfortunes for this situation. Spot. An organization needed to enter the Spanish market with two-liter beverages bottles and fizzled. Before long they discovered that Spaniards favor little entryway coolers and they couldn't place huge jugs into them. Advancement. Pepsico came to Taiwan with the promotion Come Alive with Pepsi. They couldn't envision that is it deciphered Pepsi will bring your family members resurrected into Chinese. 2. Racial Differences. This alludes to the distinctions in physical highlights of individuals in various countries[4]. For instance, sorts of hair style and corrective items vary extraordinarily in different nations. 3. Climatic Differences. These are the meteorological conditions, for example, temperature range or level of downpour. For instance, Bosch-Siemens adjusted their clothes washers to the business sectors they sell. In Scandinavia, where there are not many radiant days, they sell clothes washers with a base turn pattern of 1,000 rpm and a limit of 1,600 rpm, while in Italy and Spain a turn pattern of 500 rpm is sufficient. 4. Monetary Differences. Monetary improvement of different nations is unique and when an organization presents another item it adjusts it to that new market. There are factors which show the degree of financial turn of events Purchasing force and income of the market. In created nations with higher salary of income individuals lean toward muddled item with cutting edge capacities, while in poor nations basic item are best. The framework of the market. Such components of the framework of the nation as transport, correspondence framework and others impact the item. When Suzuki entering the Indian market the suspension was fortified as the condition of streets in India is poor. 5. Strict Differences. Religion influences the item incredibly and causes organizations to adjust their item to strict standards. On the off chance that an organization trades basic food item items to Islamic nations it must have an extraordinary authentication showing that the creature was butchered by Halal techniques. 6. Chronicled Differences. Verifiable contrasts influence the buyer conduct. For example, Scotch bourbon is viewed as chic in Italy and not popular in Scotland. 7. Language Differences. The right interpretation and language adjustment is significant. For instance, when Proctor Gamble entered the Polish markets it interpreted appropriately its names yet fizzled. Later they discovered that blemished language more likely than not been utilized so as to show that the organization fits in. Other than the distinctions referenced above, there might be contrasts in the way that items or administrations are utilized, contrasts in the standards for evaluating items or administrations across different markets and contrasts in statistical surveying offices and capabilities[5]. 2. Global Marketing Research Process a. Global Marketing Research Categories Global showcasing research is the precise structure, assortment, recording, examination, translation, and revealing of data appropriate to a specific promoting choice confronting an organization working universally. Global showcasing supervisors need to continually screen the various powers influencing their worldwide operations[6]. There are three general classifications of research dependent on the kind of data required. Exploratory research manages finding the general idea of the issue and the factors that identify with it. Exploratory research is portrayed by a high level of adaptability, and it will in general depend on optional information, accommodation or judgment tests, little scope studies or basic investigations, case examinations, and emotional assessment of the outcomes. Engaging exploration is centered around the precise portrayal of the factors in the difficult model. Shopper profile examines, showcase potential examinations, item use considers, mentality studies, deals investigations, media research, and value studies are instances of distinct research. Any wellspring of data can be utilized in an elucidating study, albeit most investigations of this nature depend vigorously on auxiliary information sources and overview look into. Causal research endeavors to indicate the idea of the useful connection between at least two factors in the difficult model. For instance, concentrates on the adequacy of publicizing by and large endeavor to find the degree to which promoting causes deals or mentality change. There are three kinds of proof to make inductions about causation: (1) associative variety, (2) arrangement of event, and (3) nonappearance of other potential easygoing components. Attendant variety, or invariant affiliation, is a typical reason for ascribâ ­ing cause. For instance, the publicizing consumptions change over various geographic regions and measure deals in every zone. To the degree that high deals happen in zones with enormous promoting uses and low deals happen in regions with constrained publicizing consumptions, it is construed that publicizing is a reason for deals. It must be focused on this have been just gathered, it isn't demonstrated that expanded promoting causes expanded deals. Succession of event can likewise give proof of causation. For one occasion to cause another, it should consistently go before it. An occasion that happens after another occasion can't be said to cause the principal occasion. The significance of arrangement can be shown in the last case of promoting causing deals. It is assumed that further examination demonstrated that the publicizing assignment to the geoâ ­graphic areas had been founded on the last time frames deals to such an extent that the degree of promoting was straightforwardly identified with past deals. Out of nowhere, the nature of our causal relationship is turned around. Presently, due to the grouping of occasions, it tends to be deduced that adjustments in deals levels cause changes in promoting levels. A last sort of proof that is utilized to deduce causality is the nonappearance of other potential causal components. That is, in the event that one could intelligently or through our examination configuration dispose of all conceivable causative elements aside from the one he/she is keen on, he/she would have set up that the variable he/she is worried about was the causative factor. Tragically, it is never conceivable to control totally or to elim

7 Skill Gaps Teachers are Worried About This Year

7 Skill Gaps Teachers are Worried About This Year Congratulations, you survived the back-to-school frenzy! Your classroom is organized, the bulletin board is up, and student introductions are complete. A new reality soon sinks in; how on earth are you going to get through the entire school year? Once the excitement of the new school year fizzles out, you’re going to face the very real challenges of today’s classroom. These challenges require you to be at the top of your game and the very best for your students. Not only do you need to get through the entire curricula, but you still need to keep your class engaged, motivated, and performing to their full potential. Do you know which additional skills you’ll need in order to face these challenges and succeed? We spoke to the professional development team at PCG Education about the challenges teachers are facing this school year and which skills they need to overcome them. Here are PCG Education’s seven most-talked about teaching challenges and the professional skills teachers need to be successful: 1. Teaching to a more diverse class of students Meeting the learning needs and expectations for every student takes a lot of time and attention you might not have, particularly in larger classrooms where the range includes everything from accelerated learners to those on IEPs. In modern classrooms, adapting your teaching style to reach every student in the way that works best for them can be frustrating - especially when you’re also trying to improve outcomes or meet standards. Meeting the learning needs and expectations for every student takes a lot of time and attention you might not have What you need: Skills to implement differentiated instruction You don’t need to reinvent the wheel: Simple adaptations to your established practices like lesson planning, independent practice time, and inquiry-based learning can effectively enable differentiated instruction. Use the tools you already have and add some core differentiation strategies to the mix. Get help: Differentiated Teaching and Instruction: What, How, Why? 2. Supporting more English language learners If you’re like most teachers tasked with integrating English learners into a traditional standards-based learning path, you’re worried about 2 things: Are my ELs making adequate yearly progress and am I doing enough to help narrow or close the achievement gap? Differentiating instruction for ELs requires specific supports and strategies that most generalists struggle to implement effectively - if you even know where to start! What you need: Approaches to guide and scaffold EL’s Teachers need different and specific strategies to help English learners succeed. ELs need additional guidance to scaffold thinking, apply knowledge, and look at content in critical and creative ways. Get help: Pedagogical Strategies for English Learners 3. Making students feel engaged and significant 180 days a year, whether you know it or not, you’re a relationship manager tasked with building and fostering effective teacher/student and student/student interaction in support of “educating the whole child.” Doing this effectively is a major challenge - especially in the modern, diverse classroom. The struggle to foster meaningful relationships that improve outcomes and reduce behavior issues is a constant battle - but you know it produces incredible results. What you need: Roadmap to create a responsive classroom Understanding diverse students’ personal and communal cultures, and using that understanding to cultivate meaningful, responsive relationships, can be more easily achieved with a positive, goal-oriented framework for motivating and engaging your students. The key is developing not just a classroom culture, but also a reflective practice for yourself that helps you continually identify and implement changes to your teaching style. Get help: Relationally Responsive Classroom Management 4. Giving students the language skills for academic success and assessment You probably hear it said regularly in your own school or district that students going on to higher grades, where subject matter is more complex, lack some of the language skills necessary to process high-level concepts and ideas. You do the best you can to make your students ready for this transition. But the problem persists, and you’re often hamstrung by an ineffective curriculum, the range of students in your class, and the lack of time to focus on this critical issue. What you need: Practical techniques to build academic language skills Effective instruction of academic language seems daunting - but building it into your daily routine is easier when you have the skills and tools to incorporate it effectively. Adapting your teaching to include academic language into independent and group practice, delivery of assessment, and lesson planning is a great way to start. Get help: Building Academic Language 5. Helping students who are struggling to find success RTI almost universally provokes shudders and worry from classroom teachers - not because you don’t want your struggling learners to succeed, but because the strategies commonly implemented are complicated, opaque, and time-consuming for already-overloaded generalists. The last thing any teacher needs is another generic process layered onto a complex classroom, especially if you’re evaluated on outcomes and measured against standards. Clear, logical, and effective RTI begins with collaboration What you need: Systematic ways to identify student needs and provide targeted interventions Clear, logical, and effective RTI begins with collaboration between generalists, special educators, specialists, and parents. Building a professional learning community in your school or district is the first step in creating a foundation for RTI that works for you and your students. Get help: Pyramid Response to Intervention 6. Getting students to really THINK Learning is most effective when students know how to think critically, deeply, and collaboratively - when they are doing things together, and talking through and about what they learn with each other. Sounds great, right? It’s what most teachers aspire to - making that kind of impact is why you get out of bed in the morning. It’s also very, very difficult to do. Too many time constraints, not enough support, and “teaching to the test” are just a few of the blockers that keep this level of learning an inspiration and not reality. What you need: Practices you can use to develop thinking skills The good news is that there are effective, easy-to-implement ways to turn your classroom into a “talk environment” that enables students to build these critical skills for classroom, college, and career without completely reinventing the way you teach and relate with your kids. Get help: Making Student Thinking Visible 7. Unlocking the secrets of teachers who seem to know what they’re doing Who are your role models and mentors? What secrets and techniques have you learned from them that have helped you become a better teacher? Do you know where to find and leverage the support you need to be a better instructor? Making learning personal for every student in your class is an instructional challenge that requires effective mentors, and there are far too few of them available. What you need: An introduction to instructional coaching Learning the types of supports available for instructional coaching will not only improve your teaching, it will help you help other teachers and give you skills that can enhance your career growth in an important and emerging area of education. Get help: Effective Coaching to Strengthen Instruction Most of these challenges are being driven by changes in student populations, resources and the importance of established and emerging standards, so it’s not likely they will fade away. In fact, many of these challenges will grow in coming years. Get ahead of things and consider taking professional development into your own hands. Look for tools and guides, take a course, or tell your school what PD you specifically need to be effective. What challenges are you facing this year? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest.

Who Invented the Periodic Table

Do you know who described the first periodic table of the elements that organized  the elements by increasing atomic weight and according to trends in their properties?   If you answered Dmitri Mendeleev, then you might be incorrect. The actual inventor of the periodic table is someone rarely mentioned in chemistry history books: Alexandre-Emile Bà ©guyer de Chancourtois. Key Takeaways: Who Invented the Periodic Table? While Dmitri Mendeleev usually gets credit for the invention of the modern periodic table in 1869, Alexandre-Emile Bà ©guyer de Chancourtois organized the elements by atomic weight five years earlier.While Mendeleev and Chancourtois arranged elements by atomic weight, the modern periodic table is ordered according to increasing atomic number (a concept unknown in the 19th century.)Lothar Meyer (1864) and John Newlands (1865) both proposed tables that organized elements according to periodic properties. History Most people think Mendeleev invented the modern periodic table. Dmitri Mendeleev presented his periodic table of the elements based on increasing atomic weight on March 6, 1869, in a presentation to the Russian Chemical Society. While Mendeleevs table was the first to gain some acceptance in the scientific community, it was not the first table of its kind. Some elements were known since ancient times, such as gold, sulfur, and carbon. Alchemists began to discover and identify new elements in the 17th century. By the beginning of the  19th century, about 47 elements had been discovered, providing enough data for chemists to begin to see patterns.  John Newlands had published his Law of Octaves in 1865. The Law of Octaves had two elements in one box and did not allow space for undiscovered elements, so it was criticized and did not gain recognition. A year earlier (1864) Lothar Meyer published a periodic table that described the placement of 28 elements. Meyers periodic table ordered the elements into groups arranged in order of their atomic weights. His periodic table arranged the elements into six  families according to their valence, which was the first attempt to classify the elements according to this property. While many people are aware of Meyers contribution to the understanding of element periodicity and the development of the periodic table, many have not heard of Alexandre-Emile Bà ©guyer de Chancourtois. De Chancourtois was the first scientist to arrange the chemical elements in order of their atomic weights. In 1862 (five years before Mendeleev),  de Chancourtois presented a paper describing his arrangement of the elements to the French Academy of Sciences. The paper was published in the Academys journal, Comptes Rendus, but without the actual table. The periodic table did appear in another publication, but it was not as widely read as the academys journal. De Chancourtois was a geologist and his paper dealt primarily with geological concepts, so his periodic table did not gain the attention of the chemists of the day. Difference From the Modern Periodic Table Both de Chancourtois and Mendeleev organized elements by increasing atomic weight. This makes sense because the structure of the atom was not understood at the time, so the concepts of protons and isotopes had yet to be described. The modern periodic table orders the elements according to increasing atomic number rather than increasing atomic weight. For the most part, this doesnt change the order of the elements, but its an important distinction between older and modern tables. The earlier tables were true periodic tables since they grouped the elements according to ​the  periodicity of their chemical and physical properties. Sources Mazurs, E. G. Graphical Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years. University of Alabama Press, 1974, Tuscaloosa, Ala.Rouvray, D.H.; King, R. B. (eds).The Mathematics of the Periodic Table. Nova Science Publishers, 2006, Hauppauge, N.Y.Thyssen, P.; Binnemans, K., Gschneidner Jr., K. A.; Bà ¼nzli, J-C.G; Vecharsky, Bà ¼nzli, eds. Accommodation of the Rare Earths in the Periodic Table: A Historical Analysis. Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. Elsevier, 2011, Amsterdam.Van Spronsen, J. W. The Periodic System of Chemical Elements: A History of the First Hundred Years. Elsevier, 1969, Amsterdam.Venable, F. P. The Development of the Periodic Law. Chemical Publishing Company, 1896, Easton, Pa.

Ginsbergs Howl a Counterculture Manifesto Essay

Ginsbergs Howl: a Counterculture Manifesto Allen Ginsberg dives into the wreck of himself and of the world around him to salvage himself and something worth saving of the world. In this process, he composes Howl to create a new way of observation for life through the expression of counterculture. Protesting against technocracy, sex and revealing sexuality, psychedelic drugs, visionary experience, breaking the conventions of arts and literature; all basic characteristics of counterculture are combined and celebrated in Howl, as it becomes `a counterculture manifesto for the first time. Howl elaborates the results of technocracy, as it mechanizes the human soul, human creativity. Technocracy takes away the emotion, feeling, random†¦show more content†¦Howl is meant to appeal to the secret or hermetic tradition of art. This poem liberates readers from their false self-deprecating image of themselves and to persuade them that they are angels. Howl is a freedom of language, political honesty, and spontaneous mind. Howl ha s always been Allen Ginsbergs masterpiece- a horrifying, funny, surreal, and prophetic poem. Howl is a proper manifestation of counterculture. Counterculture is a movement, a protest, and a total rejection of all established assumptions. Counter culture is a culture so radically disaffiliated from the mainstream assumptions of our society that scarcely looks to many as a culture at all, but takes on the alarming appearance of a barbaric intrusion. It is the experience of radical cultural disjuncture, the clash of irreconcilable concepts of life. It started as a movement against government during 50s and 60s, mainly led by the students of Europe, as a campus rebellion, an act of war resistance, a demonstration against racial injustice. It goes against the futility of a politics, which concentrates itself single-mindedly on the overthrowing of governments, or ruling classes, or economic systems. Counterculture is a healthy instinct, which refuses both at the personal and political level to practice such a cold-blooded rape of our human sensibilities. It is the young, arriving with eyes that can see the obvious, who must remark the lethal culture of their elders, and who must remake

Argument/Persuasion Free Essays

Barbie dolls have been faithful companions of American girls for generations. Millions of young American women have grown going to sleep with their glamorous companions. Now, however, more and more feminist voices are rising to accuse Barbies of stereotyping girls’ perceptions of their bodies, making them strive for unattainable ideals. We will write a custom essay sample on Argument/Persuasion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Emily Praeger in â€Å"Our Barbies, Ourselves† vindicates the producers of toys for instilling in girls harmful stereotypes, creating unrealistic expectations of men that taint love life for years after, and showing a cold sexless world instead of real love. To many, these worries may seem overdrawn. However, a closer look of issues involved in the Barbie controversy reveals that concerns of mothers and the community have valid reasons. These elegant dolls do affect young girls, creating body stereotypes that often last a lifetime, negatively impacting the life of an adult woman. 1. The Role of Toys in Child Education In the first place, toys do play a role in a child’s upbringing, and a very serious one. Rachel Karniol and Amir Aida (1997) state that gender stereotypes heavily influence the games with toys in which children engage in their childhood. The use of toys that corresponds to their gender stereotypes is important for most children, so that girls prefer to engage with toys depicting women and boys with toys portraying men. Even the notion of ‘badness’ in children stems from the moment when they â€Å"draw an inference that violating gender stereotypes is bad† (Karniol Aida 1997:2). The research about children who condemn other children breaking toys revealed that girls â€Å"judged toy breakers who violated gender stereotypes more severely than toy breakers who did not violate gender stereotypes† (Karniol Aida 1997:10). This was an experiment with preschool kids that shows the pervasiveness of gender stereotypes. From our early years, they shape our perceptions of the outside world. We know that girls should play with Barbie dolls, and boys with men toys and cars and toy weapons. The images imprinted on the young girl’s mind. When she consistently sees a portrayal of a beautiful woman with large breasts, thin waist, and long legs at the time when her own gender stereotypes are formed, she will inevitably retain this image on the subconscious level well into her adulthood. 2. Childhood Impressions Lead to Adult Problems With time, the imprinting that occurred on the childhood level can cause serious conflicts in the time when a woman has fully grown. The problem can get especially painful if the girl’s appearance happens to be very different from the Barbie image. This can be seen in the story of Graciela H. Rogriguez, an 18-year-old Latino girl who ended in prison when she tried to improve her appearance by dropping from size seven to size three in a short while, responding to the recommendations of an agent whom she wanted to hire her as an actress or a model. There is clearly a problem with the fashion industry if it will not accept anybody out of proportion, and even more so with the actor’s profession that, as we all hope, should bring talent on the screen, not breasts or buttocks. But there is equally the problem with the girl who will accept such treatment of her body – perhaps because she had been pre-programmed in her childhood that her body is wrong because of its size. The problem is clearly not just the Barbies; instead, it lies in the whole fashion and movie industry that makes women strive for one single ideal that is out of reach of many. Of these influences, Barbies also form an important part. It is the type of stereotyping that makes girls like Graciela feel â€Å"depressed, thinking [she] would never look like model because [she] came from a line of full-figured Mexican women (Rogriguez). Having been brainwashed with the unattainable ideal in her childhood, the girl may spend the rest of her life struggling with normalising her body image. It seems simple to feel positive about one’s body, yet today’s womanhood cannot come to terms with their own bodies. The childhood stereotypes are too strong, the real-life women too far away from these ideals (excluding plastic surgery, of course), and the psychological crisis becomes inevitable. Ophira, the editor of AdiosBarbies.com in her travels around the world has found body image to be â€Å"a topic that people of all walks — male and female alike — can get passionate about† (Ophira). 3. Are Concerns over Barbies Just Empty Fantasies? While many point to Barbies as source of problems with body image, there is also opposition to this viewpoint. The opponents of Barbie’s importance suggest treating the doll’s unnatural appearance as a minor problem. For example, the Editors of Mothers Who Think ridicule the recent shift in the fashion industry that has created Barbies of healthier and more real-life proportions. Instead, they call the allegations against the favourite toys of generations â€Å"the paranoid fantasies of conspiracists who’d like us to believe that the doll is an agent of antifeminist mind control† (So What’s It All About, Barbie?). The claim that the slim toy is â€Å"being partly responsible for eating disorders in teenage girls as well as breast implants and cosmetic surgery in adult women† is proclaimed ridiculous (So What’s It All About, Barbie?).    However, the question arises then who is at all responsible. Few would say that Barbie is the only culprit. It is a combination of influences that occur throughout one’s formative years. The Barbie and other toys, however, play a major role by occurring early in a girl’s lifetime, and there is little reason why this harmful influence should be not corrected. Conclusion The fashion industry and toy manufactures have a responsibility to those they affect with their well-crafted work. Their produce does affect an average girl’s body image, and while there are problems, they are also partly responsible. Gender stereotypes are formed early in our lives and are found already in preschool kids. Toys and images found in glossy magazines are simply bound to exert influence on these stereotypes, and few can deny the link between this propaganda of sexy slim bodies and later problems with girls who feel uneasy about their bodies. The pervasiveness of problems with the body image makes it difficult to deny that in this particular case the toy is not just a toy – it is a symbol, a cultural phenomenon, and an educational tool – and because of this, it has to be produced by responsible people evaluating its repercussions. Bibliography   Karniol, Rachel, and Amir Aida. â€Å"Judging toy breakers: gender stereotypes have devious effects on children.† Sex Roles: A Journal of Research (February 1997). 18 April 2006 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2294/is_n3-4_v36/ai_19532577. Ophira. Journal. 18 April 2006 http://www.adiosbarbie.com/journal/index.html. â€Å"So What’s It All About, Barbie?† Salon 26 November 1997. 18 April 2006 http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/1997/11/cov_26feature.html. Rogriguez, Graciela H. Breaking the Model. 18 April 2006 http://www.bodyoutlaws.com/read_rodriguez.html.    How to cite Argument/Persuasion, Papers

Kingdom By The Sea Essay Example For Students

Kingdom By The Sea Essay In this essay I will be examining the main character in Robert Westalls Kingdom By The Sea, Harry Baguely. The novel is set in the middle of the Second World War and follows Harrys journey up the north coast of Northumberland. I will be showing the development of Harrys personality from when he was a bright-faced, clean 11 year old right through to the end of the novel when he becomes a grubby faced but emotionally mature 12 year old. Throughout Harrys journey, he has experienced many negative events, the first being the bombing of his house and the apparent killing of his family, his mum, dad and little sister Dulcie. After this incident Harry was left with nothing but an attach case and memories so the way he acts after this makes me think he is emotionally scarred as shown by the few days Harry wandered around the streets aimlessly; The next time he found himself again he found he was in Rudyerd Street. This displays the impact of his familys deaths and the emotions he went through. Because Harry was left to fend for himself, his character changed enormously as he picked up the pieces of his life. This is demonstrated when he lies to the Fish and Chip shop owner and his customers; he almost ran out of answers and sweated. This adds to our knowledge that Harry is changing because before his desperation he would not have lied to any grown-up. Much later on in the novel, Harry comes across a nasty character called Corporal Merman, who at first Harry did not understand and did not know how to respond to, but after a while Harry realises Merman is some sort of paedophile or another. Harry felt uncomfortable around Merman, as demonstrated when Merman arrived at the pillbox where Harry was temporarily living; Harry covered his bare legs up as he realised it was Merman. From this evidence it is clear that Harry dislikes Merman and knows what Mermans game is. Don the dog Harrys companion was always the one who saved Harry from danger but in the situation with Merman, Don was not around to defend Harry. Harry felt defenceless without Don, for example, When he called for Don and Don did not come his stomach seemed to sink down inside him. This adds to our picture of Harrys more vulnerable side and the strong friendship of Harry and Don shown at certain points in the novel. As well as negative experiences there are also many happy, positive events throughout Harrys journey, one of them being Harry meeting Mr Murgatroyd. Harrys behaviour towards Mr. M. shows us that at first Harry was shy around Mr. M. but gradually gained confidence. Harrys shyer side is portrayed when Don visited the vets; Without Don Harry suddenly felt very embarrassed. Harrys timid personality has not been shown very much throughout the book because when Don is around Harry, he gives Harry composure. I feel one of the happiest moments in the book is when Don finds Harry on the beach when Harry is trying to pull himself together; Harry heard an explosive snort and saw a big, black, shaggy dog sitting in front of him. This is an important stage in the novel as Harry realises he would never be completely alone again.  Overall, Harry has been through a lot good times and bad and has emotionally matured a lot, so much so that when he was reunited with his family he felt they wouldnt be able to have the same relationship they had before. Harry has learnt how to survive alone on the streets and in the long term I think this was a good experience for him, because now he knows the only way to survive on the streets with no money is by doing the things he never would have done normally.