African-American History Timeline 1930 to 1939

African-American History Timeline 1930 to 1939 Notwithstanding persevering through the Great Depression and Jim Crow laws, during the time of 1930, African-Americans kept on making extraordinary walks in the territories of sports, instruction, visual aestheticness and music. 1930 One of the main craftsmanship displays to highlight African-American workmanship is opened at Howard University. Established by James V. Herring, the Howard University Gallery of Art is the first of its sort in the United States to have its aesthetic vision coordinated by African-Americans.The Black Muslim Movement is set up in Detroit by Wallace Fard Muhammad. Inside four years, Elijah Muhammad assumes responsibility for the strict development, moving its central station to Chicago. 1931 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) enlists Walter White as its official secretary. With White in this job, the association grows new methodologies for closure racial discrimination.In March, nine African-American youngsters are blamed for assaulting two white ladies. Their case starts on April 6 and they are immediately indicted for the violations. Be that as it may, the instance of the Scottsboro Boys before long gets national consideration and will help make ready for the social equality movement.Symphony author William Grant Still turns into the main African-American to have his music performed by a significant ensemble. 1932 A 40-year study starts in Tuskegee, Ala. testing the effect of syphilis on 400 African-American men. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment is built up through the U.S. General Health Service. The men are never told they have the ailment nor are they offered any treatment.Thomas Dorsey, known as the dad of African-American gospel music. Dorsey composes Take My Hand, Precious Lord.Leon H. Washington distributes Sentinel in Los Angeles.Sculptor Augusta Savage opens the Savage Studio of Arts and Crafts. Based out of New York City, it is viewed as the biggest craftsmanship community in the United States. 1933 James Weldon Johnson distributes his collection of memoirs, Along This Way. Johnsons life account is the primary individual story by an African-American to be inspected by the New York Times. Student of history Carter G. Woodson distributes Mis-training of the Negro. 1934 W.E.B. Du Bois leaves the NAACP.Zora Neale Hurston distributes her first novel, Jonahs Gourd Vine. 1935 The Southern Tenant Farmers Union is set up by the Socialist Party to help southern tenant farmers to battle for better wages and working conditions.Pianist Count Basie sets up Count Basie and His Orchestra, which will get probably the greatest band of the Swing Era.The U.S. Incomparable Court administered in the Norris v. Alabama case that a respondent must reserve the privilege to a preliminary by jury by his/her companions. This decision topples the Scottsboro Boys early conviction.Mary McLeod Bethune builds up the National Council of Negro Womencalling in excess of 20 pioneers of national womens associations together. 1936 Bethune is delegated Director of the Division of Negro Affairs for the National Youth Administration. Bethune is the main African-American lady to get a presidential arrangement and is the most elevated positioning African-American authority in Theodore Roosevelts administration.Jesse Owens wins four gold decorations at the Berlin Olympics. His accomplishment resists Adolf Hitlers intend to utilize the Olympics to demonstrate the world Aryan Supremacy.The first clinical course reading to be composed by an African-American is entitled Syphilis and Its Treatment. The creator is Dr. William Augustus Hinton.The first African-American government judge is selected by Roosevelt. William H. Hastie is delegated to the government seat in the U.S. Virgin Islands. 1937 The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids consents to an aggregate haggling arrangement with the Pullman Company.Joe Louis wins the heavyweight title against James J. Braddock.The Negro Dance Group is established by Katherine Dunham.Zora Neale Hurston distributes the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1938 Crafted by Jacob Lawrence makes a big appearance in a display at the Harlem YMCA.Crystal Bird Fauset turns into the principal African-American lady chose for a state assembly. She is picked to serve in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. 1939 Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial before 75,000 individuals on Easter Sunday.The Black Actors Guild is established by Bill Bojangles Robinson.Jane M. Bolin is designated to the household relations court of New York City. This arrangement makes her the primary African-American lady judge in the United States.

International marketing research

Global promoting research Presentation One of the most striking improvements of ongoing decades has been the globalization of business. The development of world exchange requires more data about outside business sectors and organizations which venture into new and obscure markets must have the data about the interest and states of these business sectors. Organizations attack not just into such created showcases as Europe, US and Japan, yet additionally into the unsteady yet developing markets of Latin America, the politically unsure markets of the Middle East and Russia, and the quickly changing markets of South East Asia and the rising African markets[1]. The advancement of new correspondence and data innovations change the way of life, utilization conduct and buying examples of various countries. This demonstrates the advertising research in worldwide condition has gotten fundamental. The motivation behind this paper is to give meaning of the worldwide advertising research and portray the variables which impact the showcasing research in various nations. The paper likewise manages the means of global promoting research procedure and its fundamental classes. The preferences and inconveniences of gathering auxiliary and essential information and overview strategies for worldwide advertising research are introduced in the paper. At last, the issues which may happen in the worldwide advertising research are summarized. 1. Promoting Research in a Global Environment Promoting research practices and procedures have gotten really worldwide. For instance, the universes biggest research firm, Nielsen, is headquartered in the U.S. be that as it may, infers just about 66% of its income from outside the U.S. It is normalizing a great part of the information it routinely gathers in 27 unique nations. Universal promoting chiefs settle on indistinguishable essential kinds of choices from do the individuals who work in just a single nation. Obviously, they settle on these choices in a progressively confused condition. Similarly as with showcasing choices, the fundamental capacity of advertising research and the examination procedure doesn't contrast among residential and worldwide research. Be that as it may, the procedure is entangled exponentially as an ever increasing number of nations are associated with a similar choice. The fundamental variables which impact the advertising research in various nations are 1. Social contrasts. Culture alludes to generally shared standards or examples of conduct of an enormous gathering of people[2]. It is the qualities, perspectives, convictions, curios and other significant images spoke to in the example of life received by individuals that help them decipher, assess and impart as individuals from society[3]. An organization which chips away at the global market needs culturally diverse mindfulness. Multifaceted contrasts (language, non-verbal correspondence, various standards and qualities) may cause diverse botches. There are instances of social bungles in the promoting blend. Item. At the point when a soda pop was propelled in Arab nations, it has a mark with six-pointed stars. The deals were low as the stars were related with Israel. Cost. An American firm was eager to set a sensible cost for the item they planned to offer to the Japanese. A point by point introduction was made to the Japanese specialists, however it was trailed by a profound quietness. The Americans felt that the Japanese were going to dismiss the cost and offered a lower cost. The Japanese kept quiet once more. After that the Americans brought down the cost again saying that it was the most reduced they could sell at. After a concise quiet the offer was acknowledged. Later the Japanese admitted that the first offered cost was very satisfactory, yet they had a custom to thoroughly consider the offer quietly. An American organization endured extraordinary misfortunes for this situation. Spot. An organization needed to enter the Spanish market with two-liter beverages bottles and fizzled. Before long they discovered that Spaniards favor little entryway coolers and they couldn't place huge jugs into them. Advancement. Pepsico came to Taiwan with the promotion Come Alive with Pepsi. They couldn't envision that is it deciphered Pepsi will bring your family members resurrected into Chinese. 2. Racial Differences. This alludes to the distinctions in physical highlights of individuals in various countries[4]. For instance, sorts of hair style and corrective items vary extraordinarily in different nations. 3. Climatic Differences. These are the meteorological conditions, for example, temperature range or level of downpour. For instance, Bosch-Siemens adjusted their clothes washers to the business sectors they sell. In Scandinavia, where there are not many radiant days, they sell clothes washers with a base turn pattern of 1,000 rpm and a limit of 1,600 rpm, while in Italy and Spain a turn pattern of 500 rpm is sufficient. 4. Monetary Differences. Monetary improvement of different nations is unique and when an organization presents another item it adjusts it to that new market. There are factors which show the degree of financial turn of events Purchasing force and income of the market. In created nations with higher salary of income individuals lean toward muddled item with cutting edge capacities, while in poor nations basic item are best. The framework of the market. Such components of the framework of the nation as transport, correspondence framework and others impact the item. When Suzuki entering the Indian market the suspension was fortified as the condition of streets in India is poor. 5. Strict Differences. Religion influences the item incredibly and causes organizations to adjust their item to strict standards. On the off chance that an organization trades basic food item items to Islamic nations it must have an extraordinary authentication showing that the creature was butchered by Halal techniques. 6. Chronicled Differences. Verifiable contrasts influence the buyer conduct. For example, Scotch bourbon is viewed as chic in Italy and not popular in Scotland. 7. Language Differences. The right interpretation and language adjustment is significant. For instance, when Proctor Gamble entered the Polish markets it interpreted appropriately its names yet fizzled. Later they discovered that blemished language more likely than not been utilized so as to show that the organization fits in. Other than the distinctions referenced above, there might be contrasts in the way that items or administrations are utilized, contrasts in the standards for evaluating items or administrations across different markets and contrasts in statistical surveying offices and capabilities[5]. 2. Global Marketing Research Process a. Global Marketing Research Categories Global showcasing research is the precise structure, assortment, recording, examination, translation, and revealing of data appropriate to a specific promoting choice confronting an organization working universally. Global showcasing supervisors need to continually screen the various powers influencing their worldwide operations[6]. There are three general classifications of research dependent on the kind of data required. Exploratory research manages finding the general idea of the issue and the factors that identify with it. Exploratory research is portrayed by a high level of adaptability, and it will in general depend on optional information, accommodation or judgment tests, little scope studies or basic investigations, case examinations, and emotional assessment of the outcomes. Engaging exploration is centered around the precise portrayal of the factors in the difficult model. Shopper profile examines, showcase potential examinations, item use considers, mentality studies, deals investigations, media research, and value studies are instances of distinct research. Any wellspring of data can be utilized in an elucidating study, albeit most investigations of this nature depend vigorously on auxiliary information sources and overview look into. Causal research endeavors to indicate the idea of the useful connection between at least two factors in the difficult model. For instance, concentrates on the adequacy of publicizing by and large endeavor to find the degree to which promoting causes deals or mentality change. There are three kinds of proof to make inductions about causation: (1) associative variety, (2) arrangement of event, and (3) nonappearance of other potential easygoing components. Attendant variety, or invariant affiliation, is a typical reason for ascribâ ­ing cause. For instance, the publicizing consumptions change over various geographic regions and measure deals in every zone. To the degree that high deals happen in zones with enormous promoting uses and low deals happen in regions with constrained publicizing consumptions, it is construed that publicizing is a reason for deals. It must be focused on this have been just gathered, it isn't demonstrated that expanded promoting causes expanded deals. Succession of event can likewise give proof of causation. For one occasion to cause another, it should consistently go before it. An occasion that happens after another occasion can't be said to cause the principal occasion. The significance of arrangement can be shown in the last case of promoting causing deals. It is assumed that further examination demonstrated that the publicizing assignment to the geoâ ­graphic areas had been founded on the last time frames deals to such an extent that the degree of promoting was straightforwardly identified with past deals. Out of nowhere, the nature of our causal relationship is turned around. Presently, due to the grouping of occasions, it tends to be deduced that adjustments in deals levels cause changes in promoting levels. A last sort of proof that is utilized to deduce causality is the nonappearance of other potential causal components. That is, in the event that one could intelligently or through our examination configuration dispose of all conceivable causative elements aside from the one he/she is keen on, he/she would have set up that the variable he/she is worried about was the causative factor. Tragically, it is never conceivable to control totally or to elim

7 Skill Gaps Teachers are Worried About This Year

7 Skill Gaps Teachers are Worried About This Year Congratulations, you survived the back-to-school frenzy! Your classroom is organized, the bulletin board is up, and student introductions are complete. A new reality soon sinks in; how on earth are you going to get through the entire school year? Once the excitement of the new school year fizzles out, you’re going to face the very real challenges of today’s classroom. These challenges require you to be at the top of your game and the very best for your students. Not only do you need to get through the entire curricula, but you still need to keep your class engaged, motivated, and performing to their full potential. Do you know which additional skills you’ll need in order to face these challenges and succeed? We spoke to the professional development team at PCG Education about the challenges teachers are facing this school year and which skills they need to overcome them. Here are PCG Education’s seven most-talked about teaching challenges and the professional skills teachers need to be successful: 1. Teaching to a more diverse class of students Meeting the learning needs and expectations for every student takes a lot of time and attention you might not have, particularly in larger classrooms where the range includes everything from accelerated learners to those on IEPs. In modern classrooms, adapting your teaching style to reach every student in the way that works best for them can be frustrating - especially when you’re also trying to improve outcomes or meet standards. Meeting the learning needs and expectations for every student takes a lot of time and attention you might not have What you need: Skills to implement differentiated instruction You don’t need to reinvent the wheel: Simple adaptations to your established practices like lesson planning, independent practice time, and inquiry-based learning can effectively enable differentiated instruction. Use the tools you already have and add some core differentiation strategies to the mix. Get help: Differentiated Teaching and Instruction: What, How, Why? 2. Supporting more English language learners If you’re like most teachers tasked with integrating English learners into a traditional standards-based learning path, you’re worried about 2 things: Are my ELs making adequate yearly progress and am I doing enough to help narrow or close the achievement gap? Differentiating instruction for ELs requires specific supports and strategies that most generalists struggle to implement effectively - if you even know where to start! What you need: Approaches to guide and scaffold EL’s Teachers need different and specific strategies to help English learners succeed. ELs need additional guidance to scaffold thinking, apply knowledge, and look at content in critical and creative ways. Get help: Pedagogical Strategies for English Learners 3. Making students feel engaged and significant 180 days a year, whether you know it or not, you’re a relationship manager tasked with building and fostering effective teacher/student and student/student interaction in support of “educating the whole child.” Doing this effectively is a major challenge - especially in the modern, diverse classroom. The struggle to foster meaningful relationships that improve outcomes and reduce behavior issues is a constant battle - but you know it produces incredible results. What you need: Roadmap to create a responsive classroom Understanding diverse students’ personal and communal cultures, and using that understanding to cultivate meaningful, responsive relationships, can be more easily achieved with a positive, goal-oriented framework for motivating and engaging your students. The key is developing not just a classroom culture, but also a reflective practice for yourself that helps you continually identify and implement changes to your teaching style. Get help: Relationally Responsive Classroom Management 4. Giving students the language skills for academic success and assessment You probably hear it said regularly in your own school or district that students going on to higher grades, where subject matter is more complex, lack some of the language skills necessary to process high-level concepts and ideas. You do the best you can to make your students ready for this transition. But the problem persists, and you’re often hamstrung by an ineffective curriculum, the range of students in your class, and the lack of time to focus on this critical issue. What you need: Practical techniques to build academic language skills Effective instruction of academic language seems daunting - but building it into your daily routine is easier when you have the skills and tools to incorporate it effectively. Adapting your teaching to include academic language into independent and group practice, delivery of assessment, and lesson planning is a great way to start. Get help: Building Academic Language 5. Helping students who are struggling to find success RTI almost universally provokes shudders and worry from classroom teachers - not because you don’t want your struggling learners to succeed, but because the strategies commonly implemented are complicated, opaque, and time-consuming for already-overloaded generalists. The last thing any teacher needs is another generic process layered onto a complex classroom, especially if you’re evaluated on outcomes and measured against standards. Clear, logical, and effective RTI begins with collaboration What you need: Systematic ways to identify student needs and provide targeted interventions Clear, logical, and effective RTI begins with collaboration between generalists, special educators, specialists, and parents. Building a professional learning community in your school or district is the first step in creating a foundation for RTI that works for you and your students. Get help: Pyramid Response to Intervention 6. Getting students to really THINK Learning is most effective when students know how to think critically, deeply, and collaboratively - when they are doing things together, and talking through and about what they learn with each other. Sounds great, right? It’s what most teachers aspire to - making that kind of impact is why you get out of bed in the morning. It’s also very, very difficult to do. Too many time constraints, not enough support, and “teaching to the test” are just a few of the blockers that keep this level of learning an inspiration and not reality. What you need: Practices you can use to develop thinking skills The good news is that there are effective, easy-to-implement ways to turn your classroom into a “talk environment” that enables students to build these critical skills for classroom, college, and career without completely reinventing the way you teach and relate with your kids. Get help: Making Student Thinking Visible 7. Unlocking the secrets of teachers who seem to know what they’re doing Who are your role models and mentors? What secrets and techniques have you learned from them that have helped you become a better teacher? Do you know where to find and leverage the support you need to be a better instructor? Making learning personal for every student in your class is an instructional challenge that requires effective mentors, and there are far too few of them available. What you need: An introduction to instructional coaching Learning the types of supports available for instructional coaching will not only improve your teaching, it will help you help other teachers and give you skills that can enhance your career growth in an important and emerging area of education. Get help: Effective Coaching to Strengthen Instruction Most of these challenges are being driven by changes in student populations, resources and the importance of established and emerging standards, so it’s not likely they will fade away. In fact, many of these challenges will grow in coming years. Get ahead of things and consider taking professional development into your own hands. Look for tools and guides, take a course, or tell your school what PD you specifically need to be effective. What challenges are you facing this year? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest.

Who Invented the Periodic Table

Do you know who described the first periodic table of the elements that organized  the elements by increasing atomic weight and according to trends in their properties?   If you answered Dmitri Mendeleev, then you might be incorrect. The actual inventor of the periodic table is someone rarely mentioned in chemistry history books: Alexandre-Emile Bà ©guyer de Chancourtois. Key Takeaways: Who Invented the Periodic Table? While Dmitri Mendeleev usually gets credit for the invention of the modern periodic table in 1869, Alexandre-Emile Bà ©guyer de Chancourtois organized the elements by atomic weight five years earlier.While Mendeleev and Chancourtois arranged elements by atomic weight, the modern periodic table is ordered according to increasing atomic number (a concept unknown in the 19th century.)Lothar Meyer (1864) and John Newlands (1865) both proposed tables that organized elements according to periodic properties. History Most people think Mendeleev invented the modern periodic table. Dmitri Mendeleev presented his periodic table of the elements based on increasing atomic weight on March 6, 1869, in a presentation to the Russian Chemical Society. While Mendeleevs table was the first to gain some acceptance in the scientific community, it was not the first table of its kind. Some elements were known since ancient times, such as gold, sulfur, and carbon. Alchemists began to discover and identify new elements in the 17th century. By the beginning of the  19th century, about 47 elements had been discovered, providing enough data for chemists to begin to see patterns.  John Newlands had published his Law of Octaves in 1865. The Law of Octaves had two elements in one box and did not allow space for undiscovered elements, so it was criticized and did not gain recognition. A year earlier (1864) Lothar Meyer published a periodic table that described the placement of 28 elements. Meyers periodic table ordered the elements into groups arranged in order of their atomic weights. His periodic table arranged the elements into six  families according to their valence, which was the first attempt to classify the elements according to this property. While many people are aware of Meyers contribution to the understanding of element periodicity and the development of the periodic table, many have not heard of Alexandre-Emile Bà ©guyer de Chancourtois. De Chancourtois was the first scientist to arrange the chemical elements in order of their atomic weights. In 1862 (five years before Mendeleev),  de Chancourtois presented a paper describing his arrangement of the elements to the French Academy of Sciences. The paper was published in the Academys journal, Comptes Rendus, but without the actual table. The periodic table did appear in another publication, but it was not as widely read as the academys journal. De Chancourtois was a geologist and his paper dealt primarily with geological concepts, so his periodic table did not gain the attention of the chemists of the day. Difference From the Modern Periodic Table Both de Chancourtois and Mendeleev organized elements by increasing atomic weight. This makes sense because the structure of the atom was not understood at the time, so the concepts of protons and isotopes had yet to be described. The modern periodic table orders the elements according to increasing atomic number rather than increasing atomic weight. For the most part, this doesnt change the order of the elements, but its an important distinction between older and modern tables. The earlier tables were true periodic tables since they grouped the elements according to ​the  periodicity of their chemical and physical properties. Sources Mazurs, E. G. Graphical Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years. University of Alabama Press, 1974, Tuscaloosa, Ala.Rouvray, D.H.; King, R. B. (eds).The Mathematics of the Periodic Table. Nova Science Publishers, 2006, Hauppauge, N.Y.Thyssen, P.; Binnemans, K., Gschneidner Jr., K. A.; Bà ¼nzli, J-C.G; Vecharsky, Bà ¼nzli, eds. Accommodation of the Rare Earths in the Periodic Table: A Historical Analysis. Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. Elsevier, 2011, Amsterdam.Van Spronsen, J. W. The Periodic System of Chemical Elements: A History of the First Hundred Years. Elsevier, 1969, Amsterdam.Venable, F. P. The Development of the Periodic Law. Chemical Publishing Company, 1896, Easton, Pa.

Ginsbergs Howl a Counterculture Manifesto Essay

Ginsbergs Howl: a Counterculture Manifesto Allen Ginsberg dives into the wreck of himself and of the world around him to salvage himself and something worth saving of the world. In this process, he composes Howl to create a new way of observation for life through the expression of counterculture. Protesting against technocracy, sex and revealing sexuality, psychedelic drugs, visionary experience, breaking the conventions of arts and literature; all basic characteristics of counterculture are combined and celebrated in Howl, as it becomes `a counterculture manifesto for the first time. Howl elaborates the results of technocracy, as it mechanizes the human soul, human creativity. Technocracy takes away the emotion, feeling, random†¦show more content†¦Howl is meant to appeal to the secret or hermetic tradition of art. This poem liberates readers from their false self-deprecating image of themselves and to persuade them that they are angels. Howl is a freedom of language, political honesty, and spontaneous mind. Howl ha s always been Allen Ginsbergs masterpiece- a horrifying, funny, surreal, and prophetic poem. Howl is a proper manifestation of counterculture. Counterculture is a movement, a protest, and a total rejection of all established assumptions. Counter culture is a culture so radically disaffiliated from the mainstream assumptions of our society that scarcely looks to many as a culture at all, but takes on the alarming appearance of a barbaric intrusion. It is the experience of radical cultural disjuncture, the clash of irreconcilable concepts of life. It started as a movement against government during 50s and 60s, mainly led by the students of Europe, as a campus rebellion, an act of war resistance, a demonstration against racial injustice. It goes against the futility of a politics, which concentrates itself single-mindedly on the overthrowing of governments, or ruling classes, or economic systems. Counterculture is a healthy instinct, which refuses both at the personal and political level to practice such a cold-blooded rape of our human sensibilities. It is the young, arriving with eyes that can see the obvious, who must remark the lethal culture of their elders, and who must remake

Argument/Persuasion Free Essays

Barbie dolls have been faithful companions of American girls for generations. Millions of young American women have grown going to sleep with their glamorous companions. Now, however, more and more feminist voices are rising to accuse Barbies of stereotyping girls’ perceptions of their bodies, making them strive for unattainable ideals. We will write a custom essay sample on Argument/Persuasion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Emily Praeger in â€Å"Our Barbies, Ourselves† vindicates the producers of toys for instilling in girls harmful stereotypes, creating unrealistic expectations of men that taint love life for years after, and showing a cold sexless world instead of real love. To many, these worries may seem overdrawn. However, a closer look of issues involved in the Barbie controversy reveals that concerns of mothers and the community have valid reasons. These elegant dolls do affect young girls, creating body stereotypes that often last a lifetime, negatively impacting the life of an adult woman. 1. The Role of Toys in Child Education In the first place, toys do play a role in a child’s upbringing, and a very serious one. Rachel Karniol and Amir Aida (1997) state that gender stereotypes heavily influence the games with toys in which children engage in their childhood. The use of toys that corresponds to their gender stereotypes is important for most children, so that girls prefer to engage with toys depicting women and boys with toys portraying men. Even the notion of ‘badness’ in children stems from the moment when they â€Å"draw an inference that violating gender stereotypes is bad† (Karniol Aida 1997:2). The research about children who condemn other children breaking toys revealed that girls â€Å"judged toy breakers who violated gender stereotypes more severely than toy breakers who did not violate gender stereotypes† (Karniol Aida 1997:10). This was an experiment with preschool kids that shows the pervasiveness of gender stereotypes. From our early years, they shape our perceptions of the outside world. We know that girls should play with Barbie dolls, and boys with men toys and cars and toy weapons. The images imprinted on the young girl’s mind. When she consistently sees a portrayal of a beautiful woman with large breasts, thin waist, and long legs at the time when her own gender stereotypes are formed, she will inevitably retain this image on the subconscious level well into her adulthood. 2. Childhood Impressions Lead to Adult Problems With time, the imprinting that occurred on the childhood level can cause serious conflicts in the time when a woman has fully grown. The problem can get especially painful if the girl’s appearance happens to be very different from the Barbie image. This can be seen in the story of Graciela H. Rogriguez, an 18-year-old Latino girl who ended in prison when she tried to improve her appearance by dropping from size seven to size three in a short while, responding to the recommendations of an agent whom she wanted to hire her as an actress or a model. There is clearly a problem with the fashion industry if it will not accept anybody out of proportion, and even more so with the actor’s profession that, as we all hope, should bring talent on the screen, not breasts or buttocks. But there is equally the problem with the girl who will accept such treatment of her body – perhaps because she had been pre-programmed in her childhood that her body is wrong because of its size. The problem is clearly not just the Barbies; instead, it lies in the whole fashion and movie industry that makes women strive for one single ideal that is out of reach of many. Of these influences, Barbies also form an important part. It is the type of stereotyping that makes girls like Graciela feel â€Å"depressed, thinking [she] would never look like model because [she] came from a line of full-figured Mexican women (Rogriguez). Having been brainwashed with the unattainable ideal in her childhood, the girl may spend the rest of her life struggling with normalising her body image. It seems simple to feel positive about one’s body, yet today’s womanhood cannot come to terms with their own bodies. The childhood stereotypes are too strong, the real-life women too far away from these ideals (excluding plastic surgery, of course), and the psychological crisis becomes inevitable. Ophira, the editor of AdiosBarbies.com in her travels around the world has found body image to be â€Å"a topic that people of all walks — male and female alike — can get passionate about† (Ophira). 3. Are Concerns over Barbies Just Empty Fantasies? While many point to Barbies as source of problems with body image, there is also opposition to this viewpoint. The opponents of Barbie’s importance suggest treating the doll’s unnatural appearance as a minor problem. For example, the Editors of Mothers Who Think ridicule the recent shift in the fashion industry that has created Barbies of healthier and more real-life proportions. Instead, they call the allegations against the favourite toys of generations â€Å"the paranoid fantasies of conspiracists who’d like us to believe that the doll is an agent of antifeminist mind control† (So What’s It All About, Barbie?). The claim that the slim toy is â€Å"being partly responsible for eating disorders in teenage girls as well as breast implants and cosmetic surgery in adult women† is proclaimed ridiculous (So What’s It All About, Barbie?).    However, the question arises then who is at all responsible. Few would say that Barbie is the only culprit. It is a combination of influences that occur throughout one’s formative years. The Barbie and other toys, however, play a major role by occurring early in a girl’s lifetime, and there is little reason why this harmful influence should be not corrected. Conclusion The fashion industry and toy manufactures have a responsibility to those they affect with their well-crafted work. Their produce does affect an average girl’s body image, and while there are problems, they are also partly responsible. Gender stereotypes are formed early in our lives and are found already in preschool kids. Toys and images found in glossy magazines are simply bound to exert influence on these stereotypes, and few can deny the link between this propaganda of sexy slim bodies and later problems with girls who feel uneasy about their bodies. The pervasiveness of problems with the body image makes it difficult to deny that in this particular case the toy is not just a toy – it is a symbol, a cultural phenomenon, and an educational tool – and because of this, it has to be produced by responsible people evaluating its repercussions. Bibliography   Karniol, Rachel, and Amir Aida. â€Å"Judging toy breakers: gender stereotypes have devious effects on children.† Sex Roles: A Journal of Research (February 1997). 18 April 2006 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2294/is_n3-4_v36/ai_19532577. Ophira. Journal. 18 April 2006 http://www.adiosbarbie.com/journal/index.html. â€Å"So What’s It All About, Barbie?† Salon 26 November 1997. 18 April 2006 http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/1997/11/cov_26feature.html. Rogriguez, Graciela H. Breaking the Model. 18 April 2006 http://www.bodyoutlaws.com/read_rodriguez.html.    How to cite Argument/Persuasion, Papers

Kingdom By The Sea Essay Example For Students

Kingdom By The Sea Essay In this essay I will be examining the main character in Robert Westalls Kingdom By The Sea, Harry Baguely. The novel is set in the middle of the Second World War and follows Harrys journey up the north coast of Northumberland. I will be showing the development of Harrys personality from when he was a bright-faced, clean 11 year old right through to the end of the novel when he becomes a grubby faced but emotionally mature 12 year old. Throughout Harrys journey, he has experienced many negative events, the first being the bombing of his house and the apparent killing of his family, his mum, dad and little sister Dulcie. After this incident Harry was left with nothing but an attach case and memories so the way he acts after this makes me think he is emotionally scarred as shown by the few days Harry wandered around the streets aimlessly; The next time he found himself again he found he was in Rudyerd Street. This displays the impact of his familys deaths and the emotions he went through. Because Harry was left to fend for himself, his character changed enormously as he picked up the pieces of his life. This is demonstrated when he lies to the Fish and Chip shop owner and his customers; he almost ran out of answers and sweated. This adds to our knowledge that Harry is changing because before his desperation he would not have lied to any grown-up. Much later on in the novel, Harry comes across a nasty character called Corporal Merman, who at first Harry did not understand and did not know how to respond to, but after a while Harry realises Merman is some sort of paedophile or another. Harry felt uncomfortable around Merman, as demonstrated when Merman arrived at the pillbox where Harry was temporarily living; Harry covered his bare legs up as he realised it was Merman. From this evidence it is clear that Harry dislikes Merman and knows what Mermans game is. Don the dog Harrys companion was always the one who saved Harry from danger but in the situation with Merman, Don was not around to defend Harry. Harry felt defenceless without Don, for example, When he called for Don and Don did not come his stomach seemed to sink down inside him. This adds to our picture of Harrys more vulnerable side and the strong friendship of Harry and Don shown at certain points in the novel. As well as negative experiences there are also many happy, positive events throughout Harrys journey, one of them being Harry meeting Mr Murgatroyd. Harrys behaviour towards Mr. M. shows us that at first Harry was shy around Mr. M. but gradually gained confidence. Harrys shyer side is portrayed when Don visited the vets; Without Don Harry suddenly felt very embarrassed. Harrys timid personality has not been shown very much throughout the book because when Don is around Harry, he gives Harry composure. I feel one of the happiest moments in the book is when Don finds Harry on the beach when Harry is trying to pull himself together; Harry heard an explosive snort and saw a big, black, shaggy dog sitting in front of him. This is an important stage in the novel as Harry realises he would never be completely alone again.  Overall, Harry has been through a lot good times and bad and has emotionally matured a lot, so much so that when he was reunited with his family he felt they wouldnt be able to have the same relationship they had before. Harry has learnt how to survive alone on the streets and in the long term I think this was a good experience for him, because now he knows the only way to survive on the streets with no money is by doing the things he never would have done normally.

Adventures Of Huck Finn Essays (1007 words) - English-language Films

Adventures Of Huck Finn Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn All children have a special place, whether chosen by a conscious decision or not, this is a place where one can go to sort out their thoughts. Nature can often provide comfort by providing a nurturing surrounding where a child is forced to look within and choices can be made untainted by society. Mark Twain once said, Don't let school get in the way of your education. Twain states that this education, which is provided by society, can actually hinder human growth and maturity. Although a formal education shouldn't be completely shunned, perhaps true life experience, in society and nature, are a key part of development. In the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain throws the curious, yet innocent mind of Huck Finn out into a very hypocritical, judgmental, and hostile world, yet Huck has one escape--the Mississippi River constantly flowing nearby. On the river, nature is presented as a thought-provoking environment, when experienced alone. The river is a quiet and peaceful place where Huck can revert to examine any predicament he might find himself in: They went off, and I got aboard the raft, feeling bad and low?Then I thought a minute, and says to myself, hold on, - s'pose you'd a done right and give Jim up; would you felt better than you do now? No, says I, I'd feel bad? (p.127). Only a few weeks with Jim and still feeling great ambivalence, Huck returns to the river to think. Twain tries here to tell the reader how strong the mob really is, and only when totally alone is Huck able to make the morally correct decision. The natural flowing and calm of the river cause this deep-thought, showing how unnatural the collective thought of a society can be. The largest and most obvious test of Huck's character is his relationship with Jim. The friendship and assistance which he gives to Jim go completely against all that sivilization has taught him. At first this concept troubles Huck and causes him a great deal of pain, but over time, through his life experiences and shared times with Jim, Huck crosses the line upheld by the racist South and comes to know Jim as a human being. Huck is at a point in his life where opinions are formed, and by growing on the river, Huck can stand back from society and form his own. Eventually he goes as far as to risk his life for Jim: And got to thinking of our trip down the river; and I see Jim before me, all the time, in the day, and in the night-time, sometimes moonlight, sometimes storms, and we a floating along, talking, and singing, and laughing. But somehow I couldn't see no places to harden me against him, but only the other kind?I studied a minute sort of holding my breath, and then I says to my self: 'All right, then, I'll go to hell'? (pp.270-271). After a long and thought-provoking adventure, Huck returns to the raft one final time to decide the fate of his friend. Symbolically, Huck makes the morally correct decision away from all others, thinking on the river. Although it might not be evident to him, Huck causes the reader to see that sivilization, in their treatment of blacks especially, is not civilized at all. Every person Huck and Jim come across seems to just be following someone else blindly, as the whole country was some sort of mob. In the last few chapters, Tom Sawyer is re-introduced and the reader is left to examine how different environments: sivilization and nature (the river) have affected the children's growth. It is distinctly evident that Huck has turned out to be the one with a clear and intelligent mind, and Tom, although he can regurgitate worthless facts about Louis XVI and Henry VIII, shows no real sign of maturity. The first time I catched up to Tom, private, I asked him what was his idea, time of the evasion? What it was he planned to do if the evasion worked out all right and he managed to set a nigger free that was already free before? And he said, what he had

Rules About Treatment of Numbers

Rules About Treatment of Numbers Rules About Treatment of Numbers Rules About Treatment of Numbers By Mark Nichol The basic rule about referring to numbers, according to The Chicago Manual of Style, is to spell them out when the total is one hundred or less and use numerals for larger numbers (the Associated Press Stylebook and some other style handbooks set the cut-off point after nine), but there are many exceptions. This post outlines those exceptions. When referring to categorically similar totals, spell the pertinent numbers out if all totals are one hundred or less (for example, â€Å"sixty-five chairs arranged around twelve tables†) but use numerals if one or more totals are one hundred or less and one or more totals are more than one hundred (for example, â€Å"127 chairs arranged around 20 tables†). This rule applies only to two or more such numbers in proximity; previous or subsequent isolated numbers pertaining to the same category need not adhere. (Nor do unrelated numbers.) However, text with a concentration of statistics- whether an entire piece of content or one section- will likely benefit from the use of numerals in place of spelled-out numbers. When totals appear in direct discourse (as when a speaker is quoted), spell out numbers, with the exception of years and elements of proper names; again, however, a concentration of numbers is perhaps best treated by using numerals. When reproducing quoted written material, however, do not alter number style. Spell out large round numbers that include orders of magnitude (hundred, thousand, etc.). Recast a sentence that begins with a numeral: For example, revise â€Å"2020 is the next leap year† to â€Å"The next leap year is 2020.† If the sentence must begin with a number, spell it out. In such cases, omit and in expressions such as â€Å"five thousand and three hundred.† When a number consists of or includes a fraction, spell it out or use numerals according to the guidelines above, but numbers with decimals should be styled as numerals. These rules also apply to quantities such as units of time or distance; exceptions can be made for such categories as temperature, clothing sizes, and miles per gallon. Style quantities expressed with an abbreviation or a symbol in numeral form, and use numerals when a range is separated by an en dash (for example, â€Å"25–50 participants†). Refer to percentages with numerals. (However, spell out the word percent in nontechnical usage; use the symbol in statistical references.) When referring to small amounts of money, spell out casual, isolated references but treat concentrations of such figures with the same guidelines as those for statistical materials. In addition, generally, express sums of more than one hundred dollars with numerals or with a combination of figures and words, such as in â€Å"$500 million budget†). Related post: 10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With41 Words That Are Better Than GoodHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

High Heeled Shoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

High Heeled Shoes - Essay Example The history of heels is not clear, although they date back to pre-Christian times. Egyptian butchers wore high heels to raise them above the carnage, and Mongolian horseman had heeled boots for gripping their stirrups firmly. The first recorded year heels were worn for vanity was 1533, when Catherine de Medicis brought heels from Florence to Paris for her marriage to the Duke d'Orleans. The style was instantly set forth by ladies from the French court (The history of heels, n.d.). High heels are not a modern day invention. Rather, they enjoy a diverse history, for both men as well as women. Despite arguments over when high heels were first used, but there is a consensus that heels were worn by both men and women throughout the world for many centuries and for a range of reasons (heeled wiki). The first officially recorded moment of the wear of high heels involved the 1533 marriage between Catherine de Medici with the Duke of Orleans. She wore heels made in Florence for her wedding, which made high heeled shoes a norm for ladies of the Duke's court in France. In fact, it's plausible that the "modern" high heel was invented by non other than Leonardo da Vinci (heeled wiki). Within the next century, European woman walked on heels 5 inches and higher, balancing with canes so as not to fall. As the working class couldn't afford to wear such shoes high heel shoe heights fell. And therefore after they rose or fell according to the fashion (NU heels). Use of high heeled shoe Although most people equate high-heeled shoes with women, this is not only not the case throughout history; it's still not the case today. Many men throughout the Western world, including Europe, the U.S., Canada, and other countries, wear high-heeled shoes on a regular basis, and for a diversity of reasons. High-heeled male dance shoes (often called Cuban heel or Latin heel shoes) are fairly common, especially for shorter male partner dancers and are not considered effeminate or transvestite wear (heeled shoe wiki).How women use high heeled shoe In the 19th century the high heeled shoe became the top style to own. Although Europe brought the new trend for high heels, America wasn't far behind in becoming of style. In 1888 the first heel factory in the United States opened, making it unnecessary for women to import their shoes from Paris (The history of heels, n.d.). Newly liberated, women in the early part of the 20th century favored sensible shoes. But in the 1920s, as hemlines rose, legs and feet were suddenly on display and shoes needed to be as beautiful as they were practical (The history of heels, n.d.). Despite being in and out of style, high heels reached new level with the advent of the stiletto in the 1950s. And to the dislike of many women, high heels popped up again in fashion magazines in the 1990s. Still, whether a woman thinks heels are the height of fashion or the height of pain, she usually has a least five pair in her closet for the occasion when flat shoes just won't do (The history of heels, n.d.).Despite women have a love/hate relationship with high-heeled shoes. This does not prevent the most of women from owning a number pair of high heels. A small number of women

The Kurdish Struggle to Establish an Autonomous State within Turkey Essay

The Kurdish Struggle to Establish an Autonomous State within Turkey - Essay Example Most of these countries (particularly Turkey) have issues with the formation of an autonomous Kurdish region for several reasons which will be discussed within this paper. The Kurds have their own unique culture, language and religious beliefs that set them apart from the general population of the countries in which Kurdistan is currently politically part of, and have been persecuted by these nations throughout history. One of the main issues in Kurdistan is the struggle to form an autonomous nation that recognizes the rights and rich history of these people. Interestingly, the Iraqi government recognized the state as early as 1970 (Houston, 2008), giving the Kurdish people within Iraq autonomous rule, but the other governments, in particular Turkey, have not recognized the area as separate and autonomous and this is a constant source of tension within the area today. Within Turkey, the Kurds are the largest non-Turkish ethnic group (Barkey & Fuller, 1998), a fact which the Turkish p eople perceive as the main reason why the Kurds are the biggest threat to Turkish national identity and perhaps why these people struggle within Turkey. This essay will focus primarily on the Kurdish people within Turkey and identify some of the key issues and solutions in this situation. Current events will be utilized to show the troubles within the area and highlight the positives and negatives of being a Kurd in modern Turkey. History of Kurdistan To properly understand the struggles of the Kurdish people in Turkey, it is necessary to have a complete historical background of the area and discuss how the language and culture of these people has developed over time. Not only is this an interesting standalone topic, it highlights some of the differences between the people of Kurdistan and the Turkish population, a source of great tension between the two cultures. Kurdish culture can be traced back to ancient history. It has been suggested that the ancient Kingdom of Corduene is ana lagous to the modern-day Kurdistan (Houston, 2008), and may of the ancient districts of this area correspond well to modern district. The first reference to Kurdistan (or Land of the Kurds) is found in a Christian document which describes the Christian Saints of the area, people who were driven out of the area by Pagans (Barkey & Fuller, 1998). The Kurdish language is believed to have developed from a dialect of Iran in the early centuries of the Common Era (Houston, 2008). From here on, there is a clearer history of the area. The Middle Ages saw the development of several Kurdish provinces such as Shaddadid, Marwanid and Rawadid (Meiselas & Bruinessen, 1997), all fairly autonomous regions which can be likened to modern-day emirates. They were under religious and political control of Khalifs, but this was indirect and not particularly forceful, allowing the Kurdish culture to begin to develop into something recognizable today. Islam was first brought to the area in 641CE by an Arab leader known as Utba ibn farqad (Meiselas & Bruinessen, 1997), and was followed by a number of uprisings, revolutions and conquests by Muslim leaders. It was the loss of power from the Byzantine and Sasanian empire by these Muslim caliphates that led to the Kurdish people being allowed to identify mountain administrators and set up independent states in the eastern Taurus mountain ranges, where Kurdish people can still be found today (Meiselas & Bruinessen, 1997). The modern history of Kurdistan is also fascinating. The 16th century brought many wars to the area and eventually the modern area of Kurdistan was split between the Safavid and Ottoman empires. Most Kurds lived in the Ottoman empire until World War I, when the Allied troops tried to split the area into several distinct

Tree of Life in Evolution: A Discussion

Tree of Life in Evolution: A Discussion Introduction The tree of life in science describes the relationships of all life on Earth in an evolutionary context. Charles Darwin talks about envisioning evolution ; however, the books sole illustration is of a branched diagram that is very tree-like. The evolutionary relationships of the tree of life were refined using genetic data by the great American microbiologist Carl Woese, the discoverer of the domain Archaea and a pioneer in genetic methods in evolutionary biology. Homology and homoplasy are two aspects of evolution. Homology is the concept where two similar structures have the same functions and they are derived through descent from a common ancestor. The two other external factors affecting genetic variation Vertically generated and horizontally acquired variation. Vertically generated and horizontally acquired variation Vertically generated and horizontally acquired variation are the yin and the yang of the evolutionary process. They are very important to make evolution possible. Each of them is different in evolutionary impact. Vertically generated variation is highly restricted in character, it amounts to variations on a lineages existing cellular themes. Whereas for horizontal transfer, it can call on the diversity of the entire biosphere and systems that have evolved under all manner of conditions, in a great variety of different cellular environments. Thus, horizontally derived variation is the major evolutionary source of true innovation in novel enzymatic pathways and novel membrane transporter. Vertically generated variation is not very easy to manage and use. Vertically generated variation hold the key to the evolution of biological complexity and specificity. The essence of vertically generated variation on a lineages existing themes is the principal way in which biological specificity and cellular integration evolve. A horizontal acquisition of true novelty and a predominantly vertical generation of complexity and functional differentiation, and integration are the two forces whose interchange propels the evolution of the cell. Although horizontal transfer and vertical inheritance generally have very different evolutionary consequences, there are conditions important in the present context under which their effects copy one another, like two peas in a pod. Horizontal gene transfer is any process which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism. By comparing with vertical transfer, it occurs when an organism receives genetic material from its ancestor like its evolved parent. Most scientists have focused on vertical transfer, but there is a awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon, and amongst single-celled organisms are the dominant form of genetic transfer. Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering. The Cambrian explosion The Cambrian explosion or radiation was the seemingly rapid appearance of most major groups of complex animals around 530 million years ago, as evidenced by the fossil record. This was accompanied by a major diversification of other organisms, including animals, phytoplankton, and calcimicrobes. Before about 580 million years ago, most organisms were simple, composed of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 or 80 million years the rate of evolution accelerated by an order of magnitude in terms of the extinction and origination rate of species and the diversity of life began to resemble today. The Cambrian explosion has generated extensive scientific debate. The seemingly rapid appearance of fossils in the Primordial Strata was noted as early as the mid 19th century,and Charles Darwin saw it as one of the main objections that could be made against his theory of evolution by natural selection. The long-running puzzlement about the appearance of the Cambrian fauna, seemingly abruptly and from nowhere, centers on three key points: whether there really was a mass diversification of complex organisms over a relatively short period of time during the early Cambrian; what might have caused such rapid evolution; and what it would imply about the origin and evolution of animals. Interpretation is difficult due to a limited supply of evidence, based mainly on an incomplete fossil record and chemical signatures left in Cambrian rocks. The Cambrian explosion can be viewed as two waves of metazoan expansion into empty niches. Firstly, a co-evolutionary rise in diversity as animals explored niches on the Ediacaran sea floor, followed by a second expansion in the early Cambrian as they became established in the water column. The rate of diversification seen in the Cambrian phase of the explosion is unparalleled among marine animals: it affected all metazoan clades of which Cambrian fossils have been found. Later radiations, such as those of fish in the Silurian and Devonian periods, involved fewer taxa, mainly with very similar body plans. Although the recovery from the Permian-Triassic extinction started with about as few animal species as the Cambrian explosion, the recovery produced far fewer significantly new types of animals. Whatever triggered the early Cambrian diversification opened up an exceptionally wide range of previously-unavailable ecological niches. When these were all occupied, there was little room for such wide-ranging diversifications to occur again, because there was strong competition in all niches and incumbents usually had the advantage. If there had continued to be a wide range of empty niches, clades would be able to continue diversifying and become disparate enough for us to recognise them as different phyla when niches are filled, lineages will continue to resemble one another long after they diverge, as there is limited opportunity for them to change their life-styles and forms. There is a similar one-time explosion in the evolution of land plants: after a cryptic history beginning about 450 million years ago, land plants underwent a uniquely rapid adaptive radiation during the Devonian period, about 400 million years ago. Different Historical Fossil Records Of Plant And Animal Life Plant life during the cambrian and ordovician which are the first two periods of the paleozoic era was confined to the water. Algae of immense size several hundred feet in length dominated the seas. Land plants came into existence in silurian time in the form of strange little vascular plants named the psilophytes. In the carboniferous period, imposing spore bearing trees lepidodendrids and calamites, and primitive naked seeded plants pteridosperms and cordaites reached their peak of development. The end of the paleozoic era marked the extinction of the majority of the luxuriant trees of the carboniferous coal swamps. The mesozoic era was the age of gymnosperms as evidenced by the abundance of cycads, ginkgoes and conifers. Flowering plants in the form of angiosperm rose to ascendancy toward the close of the mesozoic era and established themselves as the dominant plant group on the earth. In animal life, many of the invertebrate groups were already highly diversified and abundant in the cambrian the first period of the paleozpic era 600 million years ago. The paleozoic era called the age of invertebrates with its multitude of nautiloids, eurtpterids and trilobites. Brachiopods with hinged valves were the commonest shellfish of the paleozoic seas. In the mesozic era, the air breathing insects and vertebrates in the shape of the widely distributed reptiles held the center of the stage. Birds and mammals became prominent in the cenozoic era and the human species arrived on the scene in the closing stages of this era. Paleontologist study the fossil record based on boundaries between strata where one mix of fossils gives way to another. Transitional links are intermediate between major groups. Archeopteryx has features intermediate between primitive reptiles and birds. Eustheopteron is fish ancestral to amphibians. Seymoria is amphibian ancestral to reptiles. Therapsids are reptiles ancestral to mammals. Data are understandable assuming humans and chimpanzees share a more recent commn ancestor than do humans and ducks or yeast. Biochemical evidence is generally consistent with anatomical similarity of organisms. Tortoises, lizards, sunflower trees and other unqiue plants and animals on the islands were similar to forms on the mainland of south american as they were descended from those organisms. The differences between each island group resulted from the inhabitants of each island having been isolated from each other and changing slowly and separately in response to the conditions on their own island. Factors Affecting The Pace Of Species Evolution The factors affecting species who had evolved significantly overtime while other species did not evolve as much are due to biological factors like point mutation and viruses infection where DNA is easily attacked and attracted by viruses. There are also one other important factor that support it. Natural selection, in the form of overproduction of offspring, constancy of numbers, struggle for existence where members of a species were constantly competing with each other in an effort to survive and only a few will live long enough to breed. There were also variation among the offspring, survival of the fittest where only the strongest will survive the tough condition. Like produce like and last but not least, the formation of new species where individuals lacking favourable characteristic are less likely to survive long enough to breed. The inheritance of one small variation will not by itself produce a new species. However, the development of a number of variations in a particular di rection over many generation will gradually lead to the evolution of a new species. Conclusion The prokaryotes, the bacteria and archaea have the ability to transfer genetic information between unrelated organisms through Horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Recombination, gene loss, duplication, and gene creation are a few of the processes by which genes can be transferred within and between bacterial and archael species, causing variation that is not due to vertical transfer. There is emerging evidence of HGT occurring within the prokaryotes at the single and multicell level and the view is now emerging that the tree of life gives an incomplete picture of lifes evolution. It was a useful tool in understanding the basic processes of evolution but cannot explain the full complexity of the situation. Ultimately, i concluded that tree of life is correct and accurate to a certain extent but the informations obtained was not enough and completed. REFERENCE HTTP://shiva.msu.montana.edu/courses/mb437_537_2004_fall/docs/uprooting.pdf HTTP://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/97/15/8392.pdf Futuyma, D. J. (1998) Evolutionary Biology. 3rd edn. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Assiociates, Inc. Long, J. A. (1995) The Rise Of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution. Australia, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. Solomon, E. P, Berg, L. R Martin D. W. (2002) Biology. 6th edn. Thomson Learning, Inc.

Field Trip Report: Arbi Falls Essay

The second field trip for Batch No: 1 on 30.01.2013 was to a water fall named â€Å"Arbi water-falls†. Our bus left us on the top of the plateau of Dasrath Nagar from where we had to walk down the steep slope of the plateau to get to the fields. We had to cross a swift stream of water which was very transparent and cold. We walked through the dykes, sort of no-man’s land made out of mud marking the boundary of two fields. Adjacent to the farmer’s house, which our sir described to over a hundred years old, was a well and a temple which was a special temple as there were big trees and people pray lord Vishnu in his cobra incarnation. It was also said to us that the people over there worship ‘Nagaraj’. We crossed a large number of bamboo barricades to visit the surrounding paddy fields, anywhere my eyes went I could only see greenery spread. The fields were quiet dense and we walked inside the canopy of large trees. After examining the nature around the place we headed towards the falls by the same way from which we entered. In few minutes we could cross the stream and reached the small road which headed us to the foothills of the falls. We had to cross the slippery rocks and thorny bushes to reach the top. We could also see the natural pores on the ground from where the water was oozing out very quickly and the natural water was really very pure and cold. We crossed the small valleys full of bushes and slippery rocks. Algae had grown on all the sharp edges and corners of the rocks, making it much more slippery. At last we reached the top of the falls to land on a barren field. There were houses all around that place. We took few pictures and left that place to board our bus. OBJECTIVE:- â€Å"To study a wetland ecosystem and observe the flora and fauna around Manipal.† LOCATION:- Co-ordinates: 13 °20’11†³N 74 °47’36†³E FLORA AND FAUNA:- Having a wide range of flora and fauna, the southern side of Manipal, frankly, is full of greenery. With a host bird species, butterflies, insects, snakes, cattle and other such animal species, the Dasrath Nagar area of Manipal can also boast about its variety in flora with a range of trees, ‘Acacia’, ‘Cashew’, etc. being the primary ones. PROBLEMS FACED BY LOCAL FARMERS:- Lack of labour Pests destroying their products Insufficient water supply Not much profitable farming PROBABLE SOLUTIONS:- Government should give machines and more mechanized products to the farmers in less cost so that they can use those and produce efficiently without the labour present. Pesticides and similar products should be given to the farmers in less costs so that they can use it efficiently on their fields, water supply can be enhanced by making well, use of motors to suck water from the falls and distribute to their fields. CONCLUSION:- It is a recently discovered waterfall near Manipal Lake. This waterfall is active only through the months of August to November, during the monsoon season. Recently this waterfall has come in the spotlight. Hence, a lot of people and Manipal University (MU) students have started coming here. Due to this increase of people, the waterfall and the nearby areas have started getting polluted. People living near the waterfall complain that visitors come and throw plastic bottles, chips wrappers and garbage near the fall.

Coe Case Stydy Essay

The Coe’s company has been in business since the 1950’s when the founder Terry Windham invested $600 in 32 chairs to rent out to auction houses. From there on, the business expanded into party equipment and sickroom gear. The founder further shifted the business into household goods and residential furniture in the 1970’s. The company has since been growing. Stan Windham, Terry’s son who now is the CEO of Coe’s, recently opened its 1000th store in South Tucson and the company is taking over $2 billion a year in revenues. Unlike their competitors, Coe’s has had an advantage in the market by always emphasizing ownership and offering monthly payments schedules with shorter contract periods. They trained their managers to only approve lease agreements for people who they were sure they could afford the payments. Also, one of their strengths was to be able to identify and target the customers who never before were interested in renting-to-own but due to the state that the economy was in, they were afraid to commit to big-ticket items and instead decided to rent-to-own. They also attracted customers by offering free delivery and free repairs with an option to return the item if customer was not able to make payments but when their financial situation improved they could resume the contract with no penalties. A weakness of Coe’s I would say would be that the company did not diversify their risk and solely built growth strategy only in the U.S. Except for Mr. Rental, Coe’s dos not have any other direct competitors in South Tucson. Yes, Wal-Mart is there as well but neither Mr. Rental nor Wal-Mart are the same as Coe’s. To distinguish itself from Mr. Rental, Coe’s offers shorter contract periods, free delivery and free repairs and Wal-Mart is not a rent-to-own company. However, there are other external factors to be considered and those being both opportunities and threats. Coe’s has been considering entering into the Mexican market, which they believe would be a good strategic move for the company and help them diversify their portfolio. Taking into consideration the low transportation, labor and real estate costs, Mexico would be an inexpensive place to open a new Coe’s store. Of course where opportunities exist, threats exist also. With plenty of growth  opportunities in the U.S., an expansion to Mexico would add complications and risks to the company. The company had experienced this first hand when they tried to expand to Puerto Rico and due to shrinkage and not being able to find the right personnel that did not go to well. On top of everything, the consumer protection advocates are attacking the rent-to-own companies by claiming that the prices of the products are 60% to 90% higher than those of traditional retailers. While every investor is aiming towards growth, they also want to play it safe. Coe’s has been considering going international and building a growth strategy in other parts of the world for a while. By comparing the strengths and weaknesses, the company is holding a strong competitive position and it can continue to do business at its current pace. I also believe that they should expand their business in Mexico. An expansion to Mexico would offer a great potential. An in-depth market research will help analyze the patterns and habits of costumers. Doing business in Mexico will not only help the company grow but it will also benefit the U.S. economy. Ever since NAFTA took effect, both large and small American companies have expanded in Mexico. A range of locations in Southern USA have developed rapidly to keep up with the heavy trade between US and Mexico offering new jobs to U.S. Citizens and boosting the U.S. economy.

Why Dont Spiders Get Stuck in Their Webs

The spiders that make webs – orb weavers and cobweb spiders, for example – use their silk to ensnare prey. Should a fly or moth unwittingly wander into a web, it becomes instantly entangled. The spider, on the other hand, can rush across the web to enjoy its freshly captured meal without fear of finding herself trapped. Did you ever wonder why spiders dont get stuck in their webs? Spiders Walk on Their Tiptoes If youve ever had the pleasure of walking into a spider web and having silk plastered on your face, you know its kind of a sticky, clingy substance. A moth that flies full speed into such a trap doesnt stand much of a chance of freeing itself. But in both cases, the unsuspecting victims came in full contact with the spider silk. The spider, on the other hand, doesnt tumble willy-nilly into its web. Watch a spider traverse its web, and you will notice it takes careful steps, tiptoeing delicately from thread to thread. Only the tips of each leg make contact with the silk. This minimizes the chances of the spider becoming ensnared in its own trap. Spiders Are Meticulous Groomers Spiders are also careful groomers. If you observe a spider at length, you may see her pull each leg through her mouth, gently scraping off any silk bits and other debris that inadvertently stuck to her claws or bristles. Meticulous grooming probably ensures that her legs and body are less prone to sticking, should she suffer a misstep in the web. Not All Spider Silk Is Sticky Even if a disheveled, clumsy spider should trip and fall into its own web, its not likely to get stuck. Contrary to popular belief, not all spider silk is sticky. In most orb weaver webs, for example, only the spiral threads have adhesive qualities. The spokes of the web, as well as the center of the web where the spider rests, are constructed without glue. She can use these threads as pathways to walk around the web without sticking. In some webs, the silk is dotted with glue globules, not completely coated in adhesive. The spider can avoid the sticky spots. Some spider webs, such as those made by funnel-web spiders or sheet weavers, are constructed only of dry silk. A common misconception about spiders is that some kind of natural lubricant or oil on their legs prevents silk from adhering to them. This is entirely false. Spiders do not have oil-producing glands, nor are their legs coated in any such substance. Sources: Spider Facts, Australian MuseumSpider Myths: That Web Aint Normal!, Burke MuseumSpider Myths: Oily to Bed, Oily to Rise, Burke Museum